Noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) results from exposure to loud sounds, causing damage to inner ear hair cells responsible for transmitting signals to the brain. It can occur through a single loud event or repeated exposure over time. Characteristics include risks associated with the intensity and duration of noise, common causes like loud music and machinery, and preventability through measures like ear protection. NIHL develops gradually and is irreversible once inner ear cells are damaged. Severity varies, emphasizing the importance of protective measures, regular screenings, and seeking professional advice for early detection and management of hearing issues.